Message-Oriented Middleware: Talarian's = SmartSockets and MQexpress

From: Subject: Message-Oriented Middleware: Talarian's SmartSockets and MQexpress Date: Wed, 6 Mar 2002 23:20:46 -0800 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0024_01C1C565.8B8AE930"; type="text/html" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0024_01C1C565.8B8AE930 Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.computerwire.com/cgi-bin/show?article=v2,r,l,q,h,q,a,p,o,h,n,q Message-Oriented Middleware: Talarian's = SmartSockets and MQexpress

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Message-Oriented Middleware: Talarian's SmartSockets and=20 MQexpress

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Page: 4557
Issue Date:=20 03/31/2000
Category: Middleware and=20 Networking

'The world leader in messaging middleware' is how Talarian styles = itself. It=20 is a big claim, depending somewhat on how you define 'messaging' and = even=20 'middleware'. In any case, where the company has been in the past is a = lot less=20 significant than where it plans to go in the near future. All going = well,=20 Talarian's SmartSockets and MQexpress could become the first middleware = products=20 to incorporate transparent IP multicasting. Given their maturity, = reliability=20 and ease of use | combined with the richness of their feature sets | = that could=20 well give Talarian (and, perhaps, its partner Nortel) the leadership of = a huge=20 new market.

Let's take a quick look at Talarian's strategy up to till now, before = discussing its vision of built-in IP multicasting.

SMARTSOCKETS AND MQEXPRESS
Talarian's first two products = date from=20 1990 and 1999 respectively. SmartSockets is a self-contained=20 publish-and-subscribe middleware system that runs transparently over the = leading=20 transport protocols. Its main competition comes from Tibco's Rendezvous = product,=20 which is similar in many ways but has a reputation for excessive cost = and=20 complexity. Performance is one of SmartSockets' selling points: a = benchmark run=20 on Linux, for example, demonstrated sustained throughput of over 20,000 = messages=20 per second.

Layered on top of SmartSockets, MQExpress is Talarian's offering for = the=20 message queueing market. The two products are complementary: = SmartSockets is=20 faster, but MQexpress is more reliable. A flexible combination of = performance=20 and reliability can be achieved by using both products together.

RAPID INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE (RIDE)
Talarian = criticizes competitors | Tibco, Neon and Vitria, for example | that make = a=20 substantial portion of their revenue from the consultancy needed to get = the most=20 out of their software. The first prerequisite for RIDE, it declares, is = 'a=20 highly productized solution that is easy to get started with 'out of the = box'=20 and doesn't necessarily require an army of consultants to assist in its = use'.=20

Helpful aspects of RIDE include:

* A flexible architecture that can easily be tuned.

* Graphical tools for monitoring, testing, debugging and = management.

* Prepackaged modules to handle much of the low-level network = 'plumbing',=20 including such sophisticated functions as load balancing.

* Guaranteed message delivery (eliminating the need to write complex = recovery=20 code).

* Reusable, extensible message types.

* Prioritized message queueing.

* Extensive samples and documentation.

In a way there is less to RIDE than meets the eye. Rather than any = single=20 exciting feature, it is a combination of small improvements. Yet the = benefits=20 are real, and while the acronym may be corny it does focus attention on = one of=20 SmartSockets' genuine practical strengths.

RMTP-II: RELIABLE INTERNET MULTICASTING
The Internet is a = mass=20 medium, where thousands or | in extreme cases | hundreds of thousands = and even=20 millions | of clients attempt to access the same information. Push = technology=20 has been tried as a way of getting the right information to the right = people at=20 the right time, but it got off to a bad start, because over-enthusiastic = push=20 servers tended to 'flood' networks with multiple copies of the same = message.=20

It has been understood for years that multicasting could enable us to = transmit much more valuable information over a given network. = Multicasting is a=20 technique for sending a message to multiple recipients, without more = than one=20 copy ever passing over any given link. It is contrasted to unicasting = (sending a=20 separate copy to each destination) and broadcasting (sending a single = copy to=20 every node on the network, whether they want to receive it or not).

IP, which underlies all Internet communication, is inherently = unreliable=20 (Figure 1). Normally TCP, the higher level protocol, ensures that all = packets=20 are reliably delivered. However the IP Multicast protocol, which is an = IETF=20 standard, is layered on top of UDP, not TCP. As UDP is also inherently=20 unreliable, so is IP Multicast. Thus any application that needs to = guarantee=20 that multicast data is delivered error-free must use a higher-level = protocol in=20 conjunction with IP Multicast.

Several such protocols already exist, but the IETF's RMT Working = Group has=20 not yet finalized any standards. Probably more than one protocol will be = selected for standardization due to the wide range of applications. = Talarian is=20 confident that RMTP-II will emerge from the process as an IETF standard, = although it will almost certainly be renamed and may be modified to some = extent.=20 Talarian's chief scientist Brian Whetten (who wrote the first version of = RMP and=20 the whole of RMTP-II) hopes that RMTP-II will become 'TCP for = multicast'.

SmartSockets 5.2 supports reliable IP multicasting through Reliable=20 Multicasting Protocol (RMP). However, at the moment RMP is used only = between=20 RTservers in the 'server cloud' (for an explanation of these terms, see = the=20 section on SmartSockets). Talarian plans to offer reliable multicasting = between=20 RTservers and destination clients in SmartSockets 5.4. RMTP-II will be = used for=20 this purpose, while communication between RTservers will continue to = rely on=20 RMP.

Talarian has a Big Idea, namely 'bringing multicast to the masses'. = Whetten=20 notes that multicast would have made all the difference to PointCast, = the=20 ill-starred 'push' vendor. At the height of its popularity, PointCast = was=20 estimated to be sending over a terabyte of data every day, consuming no = less=20 than eight percent of the Internet's total bandwidth. By using multicast = instead=20 of unicast, it could have cut this down by two orders of magnitude.

The implementation of Talarian's idea can be summarized as follows: =

1. Enhance the SmartSockets server cloud with RMT multicast.

2. Enhance the SmartSockets server-to-recipient link with RMTP-II=20 multicast.

3. Get RMTP-II (or something as like it as possible) standardized by=20 IETF.

4. License an RMTP-II product to the industry.

5. Possibly, license the SmartSockets API to the industry.

Step 1 has already been taken, and step 2 is planned for later in = 2000.=20 Talarian is confident that step 3 will also be accomplished by the end = of 2000.=20 Step 4 has already been taken, but step 5 remains in the realm of = speculation.=20

PRODUCTS

SMARTSOCKETS 5.2
Talarian's first product, SmartSockets = allows=20 organizations to communicate easily and efficiently over network = protocols like=20 TCP/IP, Winsock, SNA, DECnet and IP Multicast. It is used in=20 performance-critical environments such as financial trading, traffic = control,=20 semiconductor manufacturing and telecommunications fraud detection.

Key Features
SmartSockets first shipped in 1990, and the = latest=20 version | 5.2 | was announced in September 1999. Over the years it has=20 accumulated an impressive collection of features:

* Choice of unicast or multicast | SmartSockets can send messages = using=20 unicast, multicast, or a combination of both. Multicasting is done using = Reliable Internet Protocol (RIP).

* Load balancing | Dynamic load balancing is designed into = SmartSockets, with=20 a choice of algorithms such as 'round robin' and 'least busy'.

* Dynamic message routing with weighted connections | A least-cost = algorithm=20 is used to route messages between producers and consumers, ensuring = continued=20 efficient delivery in the event of node or partial network failure. = Developers=20 or administrators can assign weights to each link in a network, = indicating which=20 links should be preferred if multiple routes are available.

* Burst mode | Short messages are intrinsically less efficient than = longer=20 ones, as each message incurs fixed overheads. SmartSockets neatly = sidesteps this=20 limitation by merging shorter messages into one longer one where = appropriate.=20 This can be critical in time-sensitive applications that require = thousands of=20 short messages to be sent every second.

* Flow control | If a producer consistently generates messages faster = than=20 the corresponding consumer can handle them, the system is bound to fail. = SmartSockets addresses this risk in two complementary ways. Each program = has=20 message queues that transparently buffer messages, providing a degree of = automatic flow control. If problems persist, tools are provided to help=20 developers diagnose and fix data flow mismatches.

* Prioritized message queues | All messages can have a priority = attached to=20 them. When a message is delivered, it is added to the client's message = queue in=20 priority order. Messages can be retrieved FIFO, LIFO, or in other = orders, and=20 queues can be searched for specific messages.

* Context bridging | Regardless of the sending and receiving = platforms or the=20 intervening protocols, SmartSockets always delivers messages in the = consumer's=20 preferred format. This is done using a 'just-in-time receiver makes = right'=20 approach | no matter how many 'hops' a message has passed through, the = final=20 receiver does the translation. EBCDIC-ASCII, big endian-little endian, = floating=20 point and any other necessary conversions are performed transparently. =

* Monitoring | A built-in GUI tool, RTmonitor, can be used to track = variables=20 and events from any part of a running system, including message traffic, = message=20 buffering, memory usage and processor usage. RTmonitor can also test, = debug and=20 administer an entire SmartSockets system from a single location. No = overhead is=20 incurred by the application when monitoring is not in use. If = programmatic=20 monitoring and control is required, SmartSockets' monitoring API = provides access=20 to more than 300 events and variables. Monitoring can be done either=20 synchronously (polling) or asynchronously (watching).

* Message logging | Messages can be logged to a disk file in a = variety of=20 ways | for instance, as they are sent, as they arrive, or as they pass = through a=20 particular RTserver. Logging can be done in ASCII (for ease of editing) = or in=20 binary (for speed and economy of space).

C/C++ Application Programming Interface (API)
The C/C++ API = was the=20 original method of programming SmartSockets applications. It provides = access to=20 a callable library of functions for working with messages, communicating = between=20 processes and monitoring distributed applications. Messages can be sent=20 synchronously or asynchronously, using either publish-and-subscribe or=20 straightfoward (and faster) peer-to-peer routeing. Guaranteed delivery = is=20 another option, implemented by writing each message to disk before = transmission.=20

SmartSockets is fully threadsafe, allowing multiple threads to = operate=20 simultaneously on a single connection. This technique can greatly = enhance=20 performance on multiprocessors, especially when the operating system = supports=20 multithreading.

Because the API is sufficiently abstract, applications developed on a = single=20 machine can be rolled out across a LAN or even WAN with no changes.

C++ Class Library
Although the API can be used from C++, it = enforces an essentially functional view of the application. To program = at a=20 higher level of abstraction, and use C++ in proper OO fashion, it is = better to=20 take advantage of the class library.

ActiveX Components
For those who wish to take advantage of=20 Microsoft's COM architecture, SmartSockets comes with a set of = predefined=20 ActiveX components. Using these, SmartSockets messages can be delivered = directly=20 to an Excel spreadsheet or any other COM-enabled application.

Java Class Library
The Java class library consists of a set = of=20 interfaces, a static factory class that generates concrete classes = implementing=20 those interfaces, a pair of static utility classes, and two non-static = 'handle'=20 classes.

Java objects can now be serialized and transmitted in the form of=20 SmartSockets messages.

RTserver Process(es)
The RTserver program is a software = router that=20 passes messages from consumers to producers, supporting one or more = underlying=20 protocols. It may or may not reside on the same machine as the producer = or=20 consumer.

The RTserver also acts as a name server. When multiple RTservers are=20 configured, they are collectively referred to as the 'server cloud' = because that=20 is how they are depicted in diagrams. The servers share subscription=20 information, route messages to one another, and cooperate to provide = fault=20 tolerance.

Routeing tables in each RTserver are continuously updated to reflect = any=20 changes that take place in the network. This is how SmartSockets = implements its=20 dynamic message routeing feature.

When multiple RTservers are configured, the server cloud can continue = working=20 without loss of functionality or data should any single RTserver fail. A = further=20 degree of fault tolerance can be attained by configuring hot backup = programs for=20 each server. Normally, the backup program runs on a separate computer. = If the=20 primary RTserver fails for any reason, the secondary takes control = without=20 missing a beat | optionally spawning a new backup for itself.

RTmonitor Process(es)
RTmonitor is the graphical system = management=20 tool that allows developers and system managers to debug, test, monitor = and=20 administer a SmartSockets network. With RTmonitor, many problems can be = analyzed=20 and diagnosed in real time, saving the effort and delay of sending log = files to=20 the developers.

Reusable Message Types
Unlike some products that offer only = unstructured messages, SmartSockets offers a library of more than 150 = standard=20 message types which are all reusable and extensible.

Whether standard or user-defined, as soon as a message type has been = created=20 it can be operated on by more than 100 built-in functions.

Documentation and Samples
SmartSockets comes with a = comprehensive=20 set of manuals, including a tutorial for beginners. Sample programs are = provided=20 in C, C++ and Java.

SMARTSOCKETS MODULES
In addition to the basic product, = Talarian=20 offers a set of optional SmartSockets Modules which enhance it in = various ways.=20 These have proved valuable in applications as varied as network = management, call=20 centers, command and control, integration and testing, patient = monitoring,=20 logistics management and SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data = Acquisition). The=20 last-named can be summed up as a combination of telemetry and data = acquisition.=20

* RTie (Real-Time Inference Engine) | RTie is a rule-based = engine,=20 programmed in a high-level language, that enables developers to capture = the=20 knowledge of domain experts. Optimised for decision-making, it provides=20 contexts, rule priorities, advanced pattern matching and time triggers. = As RTie=20 is intended for 24x7 operation, rules can be added and updated on a live = system.

* RThci (Real-Time Human Computer Interface) | For = applications in=20 which data must be displayed in intuitive and easily understood forms, = RThci can=20 be used to develop a suitable GUI. Over 70 predefined graph templates = are=20 included, together with more than 18 operator input controls. Data = trends can be=20 monitored through animation, and graphical rules can be set up to define = the=20 appropriate response to specified patterns of input data.

* RTdaq (Real-Time Data Acquisition) | RTdaq processes = acquire,=20 filter, convert, collect and store incoming data. Optionally, they = reformat it=20 and send it on as messages to other SmartSockets modules.

* RTarchive | The last two SmartSockets Modules act as a kind = of video=20 recorder for digital data. RTarchive saves messages to a set of files, = which may=20 be indexed by time, message type, or subject.

* RTplayback | RTplayback retrieves and 'plays back' messages=20 previously saved by RTarchive.

MQEXPRESS
SmartSockets lacked a queueing facility, so = Talarian=20 created one as an optional add-on. Whereas IBM provided = publish-and-subscribe=20 capability on top of MQSeries, Talarian chose to implement MQexpress on = top of=20 SmartSockets. As a result, it claims that MQexpress's = publish-and-subscribe=20 performance is up to 100 times faster than that of MQSeries.

Talarian suggests international stock trading as a good example of an = application to which MQexpress can add value. If the sending and = receiving=20 exchanges are both open, messages are exchanged by real-time = SmartSockets. On=20 the other hand, if messages have to be sent to an exchange that is = currently=20 closed, the MQexpress extensions make it possible to deliver them to a = queue.=20 When the destination exchange opens, the queue publishes its messages to = all=20 subscribers.

There is a tradeoff here:

* Queueing is safer, simpler to program, and supports transactions = and load=20 balancing.

* Guaranteed message delivery (GMD) as provided by SmartSockets is at = least=20 ten times faster, consumes fewer resources, and always provides = notification of=20 delivery.

Persistent Messaging
Like most message queueing products, = MQexpress=20 guards against data loss by storing messages on disk. Queues can even be = backed=20 up and restored, protecting against the eventuality of a disk crash. =

Transaction Queues
MQexpress supports transactional = messaging. When=20 a process receives a message that is part of a transaction, the message = is=20 retained in the queue until the process returns a commit status, = indicating that=20 it has received all of the messages associated with that transaction. = Then the=20 queue can delete the messages.

If the transaction is aborted for any reason, the queue simply keeps = all the=20 messages related to the transaction. Subsequently, the transaction can = be=20 restarted.

Temporal Distribution
Messages can be 'distributed across = time'.=20 What this means is that the sending process can 'fire and forget' in the = knowledge that MQexpress will not fail to deliver the message. If the = receiving=20 process is unavailable (for instance because of a failure or because the = computer on which it resides has been disconnected from the network), = all its=20 messages will be delivered as soon as it re-establishes contact. This = technique=20 also optimizes the use of available bandwidth.

Single Interface for Queueing
The MQexpress API provides a = common=20 interface for working with third-party queue managers such as IBM's = MQSeries.=20 Applications written to the API can make use of any queue manager for = which an=20 MQexpress queue manager adapter (QMA) is present. The target queue = manager can=20 then be changed, if necessary, without any code modifications. At = present the=20 only QMAs that have been written are for MQSeries and MQexpress itself. =

SmartSockets Interface
As MQexpress is layered on top of=20 SmartSockets, it is a simple matter to route messages between these = products.=20 MQexpress has a built-in two-way interface to SmartSockets, so that = messages can=20 either be queued to a publish-and-subscribe system, or published to a = queue.=20

RMTP-II
An implementation of RMTP-II has been available = from=20 Talarian since November 1999, but no technical details are available = beyond the=20 specification.

Talarian suggests that RMTP-II is well suited to applications such = as:

* Distributing news and financial data.

* Audio and video streaming.

* Webcasting.

* File transfer.

* Database replication.

* Event notification.

* Distance learning.

* Multiplayer gaming.

PLATFORMS

SMARTSOCKETS
* Operating systems: Windows 95/98, = Windows NT,=20 Unix (AIX, Compaq Tru64, HP-UX, SGI Irix, Solaris, SunOS), Linux, MVS, = OpenVMS,=20 QNX, VxWorks.

* Language support: C/C++ API, C++ class libraries, Java class = library, ActiveX components.

MQEXPRESS
* Operating systems: Windows NT, Unix = (AIX, HP-UX,=20 SGI Irix, Solaris).

* Language support: C/C++ API, Java class library.

PRICING
* SmartSockets starts at $20,000.

Talarian positions SmartSockets as 'industrial-level software', and = it's=20 priced accordingly. Queueing (MQexpress) and multicast are extra-cost = options.=20

OPINION

STRENGTHS
* Talarian's core product set | SmartSockets with = MQexpress as an optional extra | provides an efficient, reliable, and = flexible=20 combination of publish-and-subscribe with queueing.

* Talarian's RIDE philosophy helps to ensure that customers get their = distributed systems up and running with a minimum of delay and = frustration. The=20 prepackaged SmartSockets Modules can save a great deal of programming = effort,=20 time and money.

* SmartSockets is an exceptionally mature product with a fairly large = and=20 apparently well satisfied customer base.

* SmartSockets/MQexpress scales up to thousands or even tens of = thousands of=20 clients without degrading performance.

* MQexpress is faster, simpler and less expensive than IBM's=20 MQSeries.

* The addition of reliable multicast capability to = SmartSockets/MQexpress=20 helps to improve performance, conserve network bandwidth and increase=20 scaleability | potentially to millions of clients.

* Developers are already buying Talarian's RMTP-II product, = demonstrating=20 their belief that RMTP-II will become an important Internet = standard.

* RMP and RMTP-II work on existing routers, switches, etc. whereas = Cisco's=20 PGM requires the latest Cisco hardware.

* Although Talarian is a small privately-held company, its = partnerships with=20 giants like Nortel and Novell hold out the prospect of steeply rising = revenues=20 and invaluable assistance with sales and marketing.

WEAKNESSES
* For all their undoubted merits, Talarian's = products=20 are proprietary and cannot be obtained from any other vendor. It would = not be=20 easy to convert a distributed system implemented with them to use a = different=20 type of middleware.

* Neither SmartSockets nor MQexpress is available for Apple Macintosh = or IBM=20 AS/400.

* Talarian is investing in reliable multicast technology, but there = are many=20 non-technical obstacles | among them pure inertia | to its widespread=20 adoption.

* Even if reliable multicast does take off, Talarian faces serious=20 competition, not least from the rival partnership of Cisco and Tibco. =

CONCLUSIONS
In the Internet era, when distributed systems = are=20 becoming the norm, middleware is better understood and corporations are = more=20 willing to invest in it. Message oriented middleware (MOM) is generally = felt to=20 be more accessible than RPCs, ORBs and transaction processing monitors, = so it=20 was a smart move to piggyback MQexpress on SmartSockets. Now Talarian = can offer=20 publish-and-subscribe, store-and-forward, fire-and-forget and = transactional=20 queueing in a single product. Dynamic message routeing, burst mode, flow = control, context bridging, load balancing, fault tolerance... the list = of=20 features goes on and on.

So far, Talarian had the basis for a healthy, steadily expanding = business.=20 But it wanted more: hence the GlobalCast acquisition and the Nortel = partnership.=20 Everyone agrees that multicast lies in the Internet's future, but it is = not so=20 clear that it will materialize any time soon. Partly this is because no = one=20 wants to go first, and partly because of the uneven support for = multicast=20 protocols afforded by present-day networking hardware like routers and = switches.=20 Besides, there is reliable multicast and there is unreliable multicast. = For=20 streaming audio and video, unreliable is best: a few dropped bits make = no=20 perceptible difference, while pausing to retransmit is unacceptable. For = sending=20 data, however, reliable multicast is indispensable. The question is | = which=20 protocol will be the standard?

It is all too easy to take a one-sided view of these matters, but = Talarian's=20 plans look logical enough. Some of the industry's leading experts in = reliable=20 multicast came with GlobalCast, including Brian Whetten, author of the = original=20 version of RMP and of RMTP-II. By the end of 2000, IETF should have = agreed on=20 one or more standard protocols for reliable multicast, and RMTP-II has a = lot to=20 contribute. If everything goes as anticipated, Talarian will be able to = offer=20 its customers upgrades to reliable multicast, and that could be enough = to get=20 the market rolling. Once that happens, this efficient and cost-effective = technology could spread across the Internet in a surprisingly short time = | which=20 would be good news for us all.

Company Profile

Although it was founded as long ago as 1989, Talarian is a = surprisingly=20 small company, with 85-90 staff and nine offices. It claims to be = profitable=20 following two rounds of venture capital funding that brought it $4.5 = million. At=20 the end of 1999, CEO Paul Larson stated that revenue had been growing at = double-digit rates for 10 straight years.

Seeking a lever with which to move the world, Talarian became = interested=20 in IP multicast and in 1998 formed a technology partnership with = GlobalCast=20 Communications, a leader in the field, and Lucent. In November 1999 it = acquired=20 GlobalCast in a deal which also gave Lucent a minority stake in = Talarian. Brian=20 Whetten, GlobalCast's principal founder and CTO, is now Talarian's chief = scientist. He is the author of Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol II=20 (RMTP-II) and a leading member of the IETF's Reliable Multicast = Transport (RMT)=20 working group.

Nortel took a minority $10 million stake in Talarian in February, = hoping=20 to combine the smaller company's publish-and-subscribe software and = multicast=20 know-how with its own technology to market new forms of real-time = networking=20 infrastructure. Targeted at such applications as news distribution,=20 videoconferencing, manufacturing and process control, these offerings = are to be=20 marketed under the Talarian SmartSockets brand. Nortel and Talarian are = squaring=20 up to the well-established rival partnership of Cisco and Tibco. =

Talarian hopes to break through to an entirely new level of = business=20 following Novell's recent announcement that it will be using Talarian's=20 SmartSockets middleware in its NetWare operating system, Novell = Directory=20 Services (NDS), and all future applications. Potentially, that will open = up a=20 market of 90 million users.

In addition to seven US locations, Talarian has its international=20 headquarters in London and a German office in Hamburg. Talarian is a = member of=20 the International Middleware Association (IMWA), the IP Multicast = Initiative=20 (IPMI) and the Object Management Group (OMG), and is active in the = IETF's RMT=20 Working Group.

Talarian has 400 customers including ABB, Aspect, Bear Stearns, = Bell=20 Mobility, Broadcast.com, BT, CERN, Fermilab, HP, Lockheed Martin, MCI,=20 MindSpring, Morgan Stanley, Motorola, New York Stock Exchange, Nortel,=20 Philadelphia Stock Exchange, Platinum technology, Raytheon, Salomon = Smith=20 Barney, DC Shaw & Co, Southwest Airlines, Sprint

SmartSockets was used by the Georgia Department of Transportation = as part=20 of the new traffic control system built in the run-up to the Atlanta = Olympics.=20 Other prestigious successes include the US Air Force's CERES satellite = system=20 (part of the Satellite Control Network) and the Philadelphia Stock = Exchange's=20 Quote Feed System. Credit Suisse First Boston (CSFB) is using = SmartSockets to=20 create a high-speed messaging infrastructure linking 4,000 equities = traders=20 across 36 countries in six continents.

Talarian Corporation
333 Distel Circle
Los=20 Altos
CA 94022-1404
USA.
Tel: +1 (650) 965 = 8050
Fax: +1 (650) 965 9077
Email:=20 info@talarian.com
WWW: http://www.talarian.com/=20

Talarian Corporation (International=20 Headquarters)
68 Lombard=20 Street
London
EC3V 9LJ
UK.
Tel: = +44=20 (0)207 868 1630
Fax: +44 (0)207 868 1752

Talarian Corporation
Hamburg = Fleethof
Stadthausbr=FCcke=20 3
D 20355 Hamburg
Germany.
Tel: +49=20 (0)40-376-44930
Fax: +49 (0)40-376-44500

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