From: Subject: =?Windows-1252?Q?CW360=B0=A0-=A0Article_Page?= Date: Thu, 18 Oct 2001 11:10:30 -0700 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50"; type="multipart/alternative" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/image/logo.gif R0lGODlhrwBJAOYAAGm5ZPL58un16cvnyfX69Pb79nK9bZDLjGG1XI3KiXnBdZXNkaXVoa3ZquHx 4IXGgYrJhs7ozeXz5ILFfn3CeLTcsdLq0bDarfH48L3gutnt2O337TWhLsPjwZzRmdjt1rjetbbd tMHivr/hvVKuTKHTnpnPlVmyVFWwUE2sRtbs1TmjMtDpzqnXprrfuHW/cTykNUmqQprQl0WoPsfl xUOnPUCmOdzv21yzVt/w3tTr0m27aEapQD2lN/K/v9lAQOV/fzOgLL+/w/zv7/nf3+/v8M8QEOyf n/XPz+JwcNIgIBAQHkBAS/3+/X9/h9YwMN9gYDAwPO+vr+mPj/7//mBgaZ+fpSAgLd/f4dxQUPn8 +fn8+Pv9+/z+/M/P0q+vtFBQWnBwePr9+o+PlvT68/j8+O/47p/SnIDEe93v3Ga4YcXkw7PcsOf0 5uj055vQmPD476/arKvYqIjHhMnmx8TjwrHbrzeiME+tSarYp+v26mW3X1exUQAAD8wAAP///yH5 BAAAAAAALAAAAACvAEkAAAf/gH+Cg4SFhoeIiYqLjI2Oj5CRkpOUlZaXmJmam5ydnp+goaKjpKWm p6ipqqusra6vsLGys6kBAwwmubkMAwG0v8CCI2gpQcbHyEEpaCPBzqxuZzMcydXJNiYSz9ujBC0p PDU9K9TGJ2ro1scmvtzumxEAJygkKTE4cyLahgMmJ9U2mr0bSKkAgx0A9iDAgYaOIwkmiiFD046g RUYFFih4YWDHAw2HbrCIEAGkIQY2kJ2oeLFloTIl5jxAQ8FFoQgydtSLIY7cCWaEAhhQydJlyy1y FhxIcMDBoAIuFCRcyGdnT2op2A2yk9JcUaMEQ5Q44+GMnkEWIFDYaACAGqpW/3vcMRZwkIauQU5A 8kEELCwdFxq0kLNB0JYQS+dMWPtigRw7cRqcoQCuBoy5QQy0u3ssQSMpRvz4+TFEkw8fiYCM/rM6 NOpEogepBhLLTAYXISqc/aOlwhkZShMwYJEogwIeNmBQWymIs7EBjEIrET1FU2xEU0YP8fOEtR8k iq7/mQ2rCwsadUTkECRGhGAGJRrsW2RhB3Kf7ewcS/GVEBLRRPzgRxZ/DOEDeAYioeAfRKDWIBJ8 /XHaHxD+50dfDfZV4RGj+RBbbBkOMqF3FPqQhB9ATDhiKgLoMJIFgnAxAG5sxEEcIWU4kN4IaRRQ yBsxzCCXXoIMZYwJinjox/8fAv6ARGh+JKGkaAKOpppoRljI5GiiAXGlH0cIaEQWoilJhB9GcCja EUM8IdoT2y053YlAhBanKk04kIYGH7TjAB1riJDBfH+kYQdwB0AwkwIHQDdIBvZYdoAgEhxjQ3+C KFkiEmS66YcUaFZZJRRozhmbgKSC+aYfSlR5ZXZ+ZPdDaG4akZ0RocH6XxazCajaD6oUIIAEErQh SAEquDiAAIME4F4LDPymlKJoMDpfBfUgF4EgaBzDQCKaDiKgD75qF9t0TYJa5ZZKKhmnr39Md6Vq qXo322yinXjEbHT6AYUqZAQAxwZlCCKAnhrMJ4CgILDxnrSJPrCWo3+YgAL/HjEAQOl+4IrHbrnA nsrlDx6uO26ZH3KJWpMCknmlvSjiy6ofQ8yWHZ2pNEEAGTxT8YcYG+jhhgRNCBIACwPQ0IEIKmAw iB5ryJAABIupIAgB8tRDgyAvHGOSIeEKMi7IJDbZIZdLnuyHkleO+0eqVaqKYpejlSsagbN5OJ0U qYhRwN9bHBtAABgE/kcXDmigggU3dHHIYQskMAcEZgiyxh44oDCHICFghuQhYX88d8hpj1yyyO2K prrbV2Yx3dqq0636l93NFud3qWhRRhkFOE7F3wQQ0OywDjCriAgmJPot12+dIHwbNpCjBiKa7hvm 2mSL3OTppae+9mlug4pi/5VxnuYDvaediSbN5EGpihbwa+FzE7wXIIYgTQxuBhyEfAEGE0xwQhEG AYI3KMV4dmjLHjogCARYhgPU097YRlc206GNXShbkpfcxrZ1xcZLeUvR3T5FHgEpIRVU4IIKuYA/ +G2haD8rwM5g+Icq9OGGN1yCFwRBhmiZgIF/yIECOpIHQVAGOV8jhLtaNsFfVXB7aBuC2txFpbUV SDRSUE13UnavuakqCeQ5EbBQQYUmmBGGTegCF+4nCC0AbhBOwKEcrzDAP9CgBSVowSAW0xhBNOBi MbhRIYZAK+qQ6XXqemKo/OWmKqnPO25qlRW9c77VrMpWrMoVgFhFnpupgv8KoBxEGc04CDFoYQuO E8QVbjiGP2AhCje0giByYAc5LO8PMpgJBARhBwRUxQ6IUBN3hvCkfJVMkarzgfj8RaIvXe814/Ik rMDUpjfdaTqkStGJqgMMNYoBhli4YRQG8YUbOkEQtglBHIT3hwskagKcAwACTlBERDToNQU6UD7B MyEIiREJfWGQPiX0mhBBqDQlymdAQ5Sp1/TzQHy5EniAMUqfufKGTBiEEMxptDWMAARO+0MIkrfL P7hAgQ3gRJiSAAsp/IA2z7CoIJYQyz8UAZZ9aOUfjkYHIP4hAyV4wxuEMcQdsMEvSCVEHMWJwyXU cQMasMC2eGnLEAiiA3z/dEhSt4rTpgpBEFQ42A2c8geoVKABQHSBoiiQBlEgIYsgjCsQjjCIfYEw oIWAKwi5WVe50lUQXxCCYAdLWCHUcRFFKKxiDbuIwh7CCrC8QhWwMAgtYEAPEmhHGzqQgRC09Q9s iNwDKveJI7wudqjl65ewaAgoqe5fg7jd7AZBUzna9oZVOKwhrMCE297WqYcowhi6KkcwfHURTShA wPgniDQMwKPtYIAHFrCATyDBU6jNLkK3FLsxDmKZySSEMFUX0HL69rZR0K0gsNDb89q2CodwQm3d m9tENGELwGPhH8pwAx2QRBAYsKUHgNmJYmY3uwQShGxFA9tBkCl2JyQE/3bfNAgwuPe28CWEF+Z7 4RvukBBFaG+H+5DRQzRhjfjVwiDgIIE0qMANgvjAWRlgNU4Y+MCxMwJex8va2GYXpoJQX+z+WoQR y3EJGuZwhzM8iJsaGYeyNEQZuyAG/R4uABuQgANgSIcMnJUMnCCCa1Hbqh+YOQnb/cOEWVWIaZKX ECdCLULH8GQcNlnJcowCAPccZUIQ18hXQMQoB5HcgG2gHWToaQZ8qok1322iiLBQ7FgqYdR6VxCn ZXAjrODbQYhYjkz4QiPC4NslhEEIY1jlbSm7CCrgV4bs/IMDLDCAOhhrE6tV3V8VEefY4ZVC2d31 H8DbY0Z8+oaCoPNtdf/KiI2i97BFULUcj5sIKlD51TDUQuIsAKNNiDnYjcg0dwrRayylOVWqM8Ij jp3RIuC5z4yQNg7pWIilTrvVJxYDKgeBgYNpgLSaQLfqKL0IYoOpEGNmpo9RS/BFeGHZNbwtGB5h 73vX+7bqPcSUabiFAJhhaGHOrhHSnAiBiybNBsfnH3iMO0Z44c99wEI4l10FnDKhCtQGMZ7DcAhS H9kRoRREF2TocStnotxrasSCFT4Ik0dYXKjtDjmdQPWqU93Ctz2nDZ/MBFbD8bcZ/8OfSwyJ+wJP xZsgJJkdwXK+LTx2QGZQdvm69SeP09117gNwByFvjhpi5nJkNtC5oLv/AhhuEyyPuyLW/HRBsPzX uaaZIDhd5/T+gfJ5Z7J5jxz2uuPww49II+HRzokHx47k9sxuw9Vs6UKIO8Fif/IVzikImOeQCXi+ YR2xLkeeGwLvc5TElI2uiaU3eBGR/7WQda3E7Lod8CMW9XpLHeUieB6HXy3yquN7W99Hooyldb4j xC31QSB95IQwuboF4XNADwLz81Zv3/vw1c3jkOw63/4sTL6kRkxJdXyFaah1fEtHcF6wWELwBTB3 XLyHfYZwbPQXcbYFb19nW/gXC+J2aYrAfyiXXSrnZgDSCA9nW7TXd+NkCHi2Q/OXcViAZzkXC6qn dAkHe2KzdoSQgY5g/38cpX29t1u/JQjodQgNiFG/8H9d0ght13wMJ17i1whD2Afn5GxyRHtNNn/w JYX354O39YKwYIRR0ghxgyWF4Gi/Jm6NpwhY6IBp2AcTRwjXd0OUtYYnOAgbJnHA4IXopwjLly9w ll3l9wdId3CMYAW5F4e+9WHW51sZtoZ90GdCgGd7RwtLx0lxxSaEAIKxYn4HRnCY+HTQJ3uCwIO2 BQZgkHt7N4Lo5QS21wfSBwxhiGNoAmmviCZJAAXiFjtQAASO9imD0H511mcQ2GE5N38dRoV3CIuo BXuziIzMyHR/kHsXNod/gIpGRoHwN2JM5gwsd2DexX8H5jrNCCfklJd3fWB5hHCN53UFXCiBI2aM zyAFt5iMg/BtyFgdkcdwafaE7rUEAnQIQkCMOdSPiFBxvsUE6/gMRwAFu4gihDAESZBwaAIFeFUn IgcFKmdT7hUFS7BnYWAFYUcIQhAGewZAYdCKioAFYfBnknWQW0UI95Q+kWY+ETIQWCAEXteSOJmT OrmTPNmTPvmTQBmUQjmURFmUvxAIADs= ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/sitewide_images/navi/tab_h.gif R0lGODlhWwAOAMQAAP///+/v79/f38zMzL+/v6+vr5mZmY+Pj4CAgH9/f3BwcGZmZlBQUEBAQDMz MyAgIBAQEAAAAP4BAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAUU ABIALAAAAABbAA4AAAX/ICCOZDkSixOtbOu+cCzPrbMQZq6Pw0P/wKDwMdgZRQbWwxAABAw+l0MV eTSEWKzhqEuuFkiiaOEiEFYJQHYN3HJJAciqIVKsIO4ry4xWr6xRDRBTEYQrDnoOD4gsiFGFDhCJ eiwQTW8iCCwFAQwuCwEFLQQDDQ1bXwBFZKo4BUUJEQgBAwMQBLQASUxFKgcApGqztXIsCJgiVBEA BQqmzwoFfiu4ZgJ+AZoKABAABxG1EWbdngMKBKJgVgx0dgBkv+Tgdo3I08vAVZriIqNnEWlWALhC h04sAgcJ0Blg5pymgr+kxRooa2ArAvRY2Gsh7Qwdasz89VkhQNSBOAAObSaMEMBOgQbjjjkY2C1W SQhFWLqkJBBZCzoe/eDgyQegnwbXOi1TKe4MGFW3BjQhU0SAgG+gSqp5asvFxhZPS5AJ8ogGFYQR KJUtAE9AIxhfWyxp8qQsGxpoZWxzMlZG3LuAA/v1Kbiw4Z4AQgAAOw== ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/sitewide_images/navi/tab_r.gif R0lGODlhVAAOAMQAAP////X19e/v79/f39bW1szMzL+/v7Ozs6+vr6amppmZmYyMjICAgH19fXNz c2ZmZk9PT0xMTEBAQDMzMyYmJh8fHxkZGQ8PDwAAAP4BAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAUU ABkALAAAAABUAA4AAAX/ICCOwUAUaKqubOu+MEsMwWjf9hDvfO+jA5wQcEoJRoLiSnE4KJ5PQwqa +KkUUmyMMMyldIwwwwDQrTCPB2a9VqTYmMvCWsC47btgF5DiMuAYCERnDyhqLGgFBhQTKE8pBo+O bih4eJIFTJQoNUNmBUd/EwYVGAwAAoSGGIgRTxYSBRMWFo0HF7MUsrSNdXcKs7WVFxhSQF1KIn9s F3qqBYdnbBIHCxgHBnYKaE/W2JZ3at/hxihcQyrKccQQI8/RKmi3sQ4YE/cM0BYYFmr3E/ksQbCH zxeLLipCYZCwrRiqd6xUWXuQAEOCAxMOJIgQCUMDixgPGPQIMqPBFQj7TAD4IwFAqZZKKhWCFjHe TAnXIqyJZWACsVE6F1b6FTTWyXToVAwYYCAI0wKf6LDY5OgKDKotUq44IiKJ1K9gUWgNS7ZsirFm 034VEgIAOw== ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/sitewide_images/navi/strap.gif R0lGODlhfQBVAJEAAP////////4BAgAAACH5BAQUAP8ALAAAAAB9AFUAAAJ4hI+py+0Po5y02ouz 3rz7D4biSJbmiabqyrbuC8fyTNf2jef6zvf+DwwKh8Si8YhMKpfMpvMJjUqn1Kr1is1qt9yu9wsO i8fksvmMTqvX7Lb7DY/L5/S6/Y7P6/f8vv8PGCg4SFhoeIiYqLjI2Oj4CBkpOUlZyVIAADs= ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/s.gif R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP//////zCH5BAUUAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw== ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/image/key_50x50.gif R0lGODlhMgAyAMQAAOfn52lnX4iIiOetDdjY2O3GEaiPM7i4uPr6+snJyfLy8omHSuGkDfz6Gqyq OaKiosTCLn50TdOeFtSxHvPXE+voG5d/O/77EPLwG7+WI9vKIN7fIr2hLPrpE/7+/v///yH5BAAA AAAALAAAAAAyADIAAAX/4CeO5Od5SKqsa4qcZSzPsrcSx/McPAEArZeHRiSiAIFAxABxLJ6BR8IH TA2LWJENcAgYOBMKpVMpO6PT6itbtCUtmYF8wBgUKJcLxhHZJX4Ka2w1CgFwDIgMEouJd3kQEQIH U4EIgzKFFhKJGRYWERYGBpsMBY99k1VXlyIIhokMBgECtLRKo6UXDQ5RBz6CrB8JEYkDGbMCOjw5 hpt4vJJ/gcEfhRmIdhHIfgQJCV3XphqRUgTTwcPYFBBJyZMJSQHgch2QyZSWwQcWdc/tUgeWOODD r06BBbPKnWP1oKC/hA8icKhwocMEUgM4IEu18JIAAwwyaLiwASGtCBkm/0zQUICOnAyR3P1a5RFk Bgh5+CQBqYgUIgPa3EkDdmmfIg4b9GhwgpFOSFkJORK9hCROBqR5KEyAZedgu2i/pg5yZUGOhAl3 nMqB06EBu6g+AtFk5QGJJlh1BkiwkGRCg11wAaSgRgIBkiWLNu0NaohCg5IyVRHWgkBBlwiYMdPS kSRDW3bc5E42gUIBDh7KeHiL6BfwjrhiL6Go/IOA7dtUDBV4vACs5MknVCj4QZwFgQAZHIOeZC42 3dkuoqdQ0prX69+jtZzYfgWFbt6+RWc3YtjL51745o6P4T2C3z29YKtfT8KNhd2QmQt2Tv9DeQPn hcYffSgQIFEDe0QmHvlp841mn2MV9KZfJdIJQWB5ybmFShoKfANEEA1S094EGLg2SQ5LBEBFJSEG 095uGMjygABLFIABQhwOSNd/jpVkiBwFaIDQhEK0OEh7HJSowQRyHIXQDr6okc947WnQAAV0TGCA BRNsEIkSKgIy5XiVeUFBAYhwwAE9CBkgZAAc9jcilhI0yQAHXwxAgZflANCfCa5EoAGWBuHZ5AAd oOLDnyYUYsCZijjAQR2JyJgKowUGwAGhdoYU1HWMAkodoYh08o9+oYpqAUuI8LXNhKkeYSYFJgm1 4ph/ojDMBNYpw+GCoboRj2o56phdabjZpoaRF9IGCIskhAAAOw== ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/image/s.gif R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP//////zCH5BAUUAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw== ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/image/collared_50x50.gif R0lGODlhMgAyAMQAAPyxgrGbkt6PYLHu/vfy8OG8rHBcUP/ZygQDJmQwBZZ8arDY53VHH9DR0adZ J4CLkL7AwP/j1aSpqkdKVG8DSmpuc6DN4KM2fJ8+AjAqK+Ph5MNwPJ25xP/QwP///6jh+yH5BAAA AAAALAAAAAAyADIAAAX/4CeOZGmeaKqubOuaQ2lBb61aFRfrixLYwNLCkeB8fINHIsB5xIItiyhQ IHIsiQeEkVAwJAvoyuLQGhTeIjGdSDAqYhVE4fYyuAxle++WPOMlaHRufHd8eww6gCQ+DoaHkHxO iyMGCZaId5pchHsKf5SWmgYdHQenBwUABQUBaZ+UIgMWPqUHEQelpawFHREdAAYGFqCLGrkKBhkK pQoZBhMTy74BCRVSsQMc0RUKrLu8rdG9dIqxHL0HBKcRBeq4qBUVHQEGRrEiGh77+xAV/PzW9WqG jdIAgB40TICAcB8BXQcCFEwxoKLFiiYWRPBAgN8DBQER5ipF48RFC9Ee/8jjBsNDhQwdXQbwICGD PoAjOzQwgaNCNGlaNGRAQBTBCQ8QHvAL8M/fTX45GyyIoQoAgKFFEUjol5VERQ4cJEgI8ECCAq0N OerqQOdBVasFNjAoWqEjgQlFR2irgGCCsL/CJsTkh8tWAWEINlhdLAADVpsc8RKV9SBDBiq+ImjW XGpz4bUdWDlbbHUDhgREJ9zkOznJZVOgY8uGWA+BANKmUSP4FznvgmU5ZwunPSHB7cUOThNV2nvy bwXBY0eXHaCDAQekG2MoupUjVqMDhA0/4G14hwwVEpAG0Pg7w4RdtV0+Jf3swNkRGGRQnF1335gQ dCVCZcv0MhBTGbgznv8A2K0XTFETeCSgCAs8II1lGBqg4IL8CXAcAGctx893RpVQ0THswGMKfdIx CGICGDQoAFZlBRDAT9GgoMEurqDRCmbRHdCYAEVhoFgBDyQJzQQVTGURCg2AY2N1Z1kWQHBCYsAA GsVhIEADFkmBEQsQrIVKRHRh2dgGDhlg5E5QzHaAMgmCliVIHnCQQQIOlBSEcKnIJmQX3iGQAQNh QLGAedIZgABDDxClDATF1HAfo6VIk5CjTE7ghxgLTCdnARk04EFl3GRgDhCzoINpKjM1kEGnlVX6 gp4aigrRLfxMYKGFQk3CagbMEfDLmcduBJBP8oxFk6q2rjBABggRUA+AGgbMhJCFDVQAAQEx+RQE B7sBVBMF6Bra3T4vmTqYQ0zakIQB8ugjAQLo5kvBowlFY2paHsgaQLQmeXrqQofqS8EFyUjA5Ltp 1URMCwPUdJPDNinckTTrAuxRBlOxsICvADUAQQD6XqBPA095DJAwiVJUWcv7XKBwAS57HGwxIQAA Ow== ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/image/golderngate_50x50.gif R0lGODlhMgAyAMQAAFan6a+Yn2NOWGWz8E9jjly09YNlc1Wa2DA6V2h8qJZIPjhHambD/4at1HWV wUyR1cd2YEiAvrtWPVSIxl2j30c9T1Wf4XZAQVmu7zAuOleU0F26+V67+mTB/2K//QAAACH5BAAA AAAALAAAAAAyADIAAAX/4CeOZGmeaGp6bNt5XSzPL0zXbc5yPL/9G5EuxooxjsiGDHnD6Tw9DjD4 ebaOlANjwKEQOMgwk2iF9oDCZ4dRGBAEb4GgMhCLZeWd75d2bSkUHgkVFxcKCgINDGt2i2R5e1Qu HRtZGAwebwENDQ4CDouNjk5WkX0YGhYFHgUWBwQEA1BuFHVHRqOPZaYflakFHAMaGhQFsANcAwuA uU15ZlJ8HwcAyBYaB6o8xxQcDsuBzXi7UdFUGBQOEwcYHAUFG8YCBvQGAhQYdc6Q5WgfEdkKYMAg kKCxQocQ1cJAil+UKdIAcBg4sOA7AgoCaLRHYYOFDVBalOvhAcgZiCII/wLAsNKiMQMDNmDwdKAS hpDQRkLcGbHAypUUB74pmEDAgTaBRurk+eNdARE/WQYVKuDdhgkVjrYC9kNpJCBOw0KVCjTomwQO HBi4MKENS3NM44Wd+24sgLs/f65NKIGt025wIdId/PSDBbyI9fLtG+EvV8KQnQ4UcTjxXZYGMjpo AOECgYoALLiLDJkiZbyV8VKgBzSBAgL4BrIjPbU2htN3U9+lAMHAZdcJNFA8XNC28amnLShHDYC3 77sBFCSgxjJ08eNkq+NNvjy0cuetpR+gdpe6ccvoRQA6rLy9Bd7SHSSAICHBtcrja6PfD0BEg/Xu fUefBApIAAEE9rlCQf9oGvDn4HYf/NceBe7xJsGFBtaXzQPZWPCAbg9aJoIDC3JC4YT0QaARfdO5 kopy5IWY3gcVLBDBZicCYqEDd7HY4YvXyIieBSJkYGQFBARHgYn0UQhfgi4eNp6QARL5gZFYZoBk ApwcCEgDAdT3nivrKNdgiFVameWacHi5ZJgJADLeMDCe6V2aaRa55poVCIAWmPWROOcE2BzwIZ6I WokAAnvuWYEB9G3SwAHDaLBOpeNlmul7mmoqQgSgErDAAow2quUFBmySzjCEslrophokEFyn44nw wK24ThCBqGwqUIgcaKVlKTYTONCpBRPIuk6muH46wbPQ5nrBPHIcAoH/AhVkgECSnRh7wDoUZpos Aevg2uw/oKYLKrQKGOCABARkdkG2WCKwwJ8UDLMepQkYQABA5t76qboER9BuvP2+JmqpWPa5mQOv xgoLwAEPHCosGBNwIRwGEPjvs7AwrO29wg7Tb5KGVvwBxqO23HKB0wpAoL0fP7vrAlk+GoA6Bsga nAYquyz0AgIcMkfRF9hL8783i5xBb7LSMx3Q5opA6qL2jmpv0XNgK0DSLWeN9diMVoCAzj0/S7XA H5DtNiJ9ypG023RjjaUAvbX8L9t1Y12I2V+b3Xffcdvj8r8iDF6BrxU0XsjghNsjhwBCJ07442cX oi3kZDc+h9lXY215JN1fx1y64Jxj7XmfqIvedt/U0jN565tDHvfnWi+qwu68915CCAA7 ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/image/sme_roadsign_50x75.gif R0lGODlhMgBLAOYAAAAAAI67pSuAVQhrOQBmM////1qcexl1R8je1GumiUOOaSd9UklJSY6Ojr6+ vt/s5Rd0RSM7LzmIYSNJNpGkmkyUcBkwJXmulJ/FsmZmZmGggQ9vPyF6Ta6ursDazT+MZTGEWu/2 8lGWdNDj2mmlh4S1nEmSbbvWyKvIugAHA1SZdjo6OiN7TzyKY3Ssj2ZmZoODgxJxQZmZmX+zmVJS UjMzM42zoPL39SFzSpbAq8zg1l+ffzaGXg1uPWWjhCmEWgQQCo+imbTSw9zq4y1OPrW1tVKce2ut jPb5+MXc0KWlpaTIth9DMVtbW5S5po22onatkXNzc0RERL3Yy9Xm3dDj2QEIBXu1lMLCwjJMP63F tZG9ppy/rqfKuB9INAAWC6/PvxowJrfTxS1UQf4BAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5 BAUUAGQALAAAAAAyAEsAAAf/gAWCQRFAAIeIiYqLjI2HQBEUgpNZKUQoVEiTm5ydnp8FIUk5EylZ kxFfXEgjS08zMxeyLrQuCbe3ProavAa+BirBIiIVxRUmIhceNyVWEQVBAFw3W0dHuLo+vBq/wCrE xSYmCuQKH+cSEjwg7CAC7wbMKRQWY0hP1rnZ27/B3yIGSogrZ+5DOnXt3AlYwFDFjQlhrKCogitB Nm3c+gkjlqRAAILo0q1r947hAhYskjixAqBVRYy9NP6rcGLSk4IG1Y1UWPIkyhIeDo3Ygg2mzJlL OJVowbQFj53venKYyoFE0JZPSJDYFdPbxgoBPJUQCTUqQ6ocDmi4OuLJvq7A/4YNq5AAFJSnJHsu oHqg71qhJbhm9PVvboIboG4YyLvwJN++atmW2DbYG7gKKoaAEnRDBU+GLNAegEB6x9Uqk7v6u2xC 82bOKho75ksaQgzTh1Dv6LYanImaryfdEAEaJeS+MZIbOD2D99djOYJzulEBJYvjB5Irn5K7OeHn JsJKnw4iLXbtPQxwB1Club+Zx0ggHs+JioDzMXroV39Ix5X3cx1jgg+0VJSAa5uU0I03PByXnH49 DMAfADpcUBgxA5VzTk486NCJAWdNhV9+EQ4wgArrVSgXhuNoiM5THX4YmogOPliiiSj2BwVrLZKz IVkxcmKAaLWhdyOOKUIRTv+GPuaEEDseCkkbaUaaOAABWIqQogsC9vijTgkh0IkKI5JoJZZZbskk TmQlJICYnJBZo5kmoplmfy70yCaY7EQF5yZyIkfijXbeSeERIIWEV58l/TmJCEUOemahBGjZXwIu GgQjYww5KgikVU5KqaUUYsrmpow2xoKnBYgQap2UGopAAhty6GZPKLFagY1WXhmrrCSE9CSjJlmn 6wbIivprpeshQEJTixJbHEodcWKCfsouSyoCPrSZqqrWHVDtJtdmq22z3UYbVWOPHSBGJyaYe+4h CGigrll70djXE50oAOuyhW5rL6chmgcZv5z4C3Cs2+5A8IwGI4fwJgoszHD/sw5/NpuIkZbQiQsW j7peEg7rBXFakcbgMSczhBzwyAaYbNyc+a28Scsuo0lqEjGDex3N+tk8Cc45M3sIzya1C9mrhZZX tNEAJKFCwdhlJ+m/T798tAoQV20joVlfvLXSVtOJddh27iyCvoKa7SvaIh+9tnk8XPDEEy1AuEA5 IKBZ6wZY1lorB7+S6oEIkF3AiQcm2lxF4Jt8gOUnRGsNgAcV9CWCWAPMsAmWR0Q+uSeVp70e5qR1 IUgOEiRVwAgEeD6J5OIJIjkBk1Thwe4e7FD46SaQVq0BPSwQwu6xC/JAAb57IDrutodsuAnJCTGJ ED5AgKbsYHgE/RTRQ1/A/+0LG65AciRwEgLOsnvuAQiCiHf7J+Sf0zfUHiiA7Aau35z8+ILYQQEe ILv5eUJyG6jCJDCAPwVAaAAaUOAmNiA7DggCAwUAQwFH1wnJCbAKAiwAB8x3pAFwoHu2kx0BQjC0 DYqPfNsrQBU0cD/DfcBEyysAmnL4ARU671MunB2lLDgJD2yAVFO44QBYWIAjEGADTASBCmUnwiAK 4gi1uh8IApDDHSCxBSbCoCA8kMMH/I8AIQzB/wzYCQ9UagYiIEBY4LieKbQASxxg4ibiqEL4FcCN Vmxj8kIABhZ+AInkA8EPZRjHM0IvAGvk4OKeKMb1EWBCU/AB3DZJgAtwx74KTxACJ+HmgSdYwQJe uIEERpk1BdyACRagQAouoEpW5uwDSLjAPAoQASvQ8gSYgpEwh0nMYhqTBwpwQRJymYJnCKISTHjC FPRIn2qGYAo2YIIpOEGBQjjim+BsBCQkUU1PFAELHYhCE5qQgXK68xNFcIASokADGrTznficRDzn Wc975hOf+6SnPf+Zzw4UQQkZYAADmkBQfHagAzJoghSkwNCGulMJSoABDVawAhpY1J0yaEAUGFCD GjDgn4EAADs= ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/image/rabbit-hat_50x50.gif R0lGODlhMgBGAMQfAPr6+Zl1VrCGWNjW1NfFsMm1mgQDBk5OUWFJPbGuqnl0cjMtLHFTQ42EgEkz KqKUie3awero58CihYJjTjAmIVJAMh4ZGREPE2RmZ1laW0NERjk4NyUjJBwcIMG/vv///yH5BAEA AB8ALAAAAAAyAEYAAAX/4CeOZGmeaKqubOu+H0FEQFrD+Ac0gUSbAMAgkoNFFIyJryR8TBK3IguA THqiwoajMvFIW5EJgsFoDESAiLZSPn9XYcQ44NUVEA7ExPxeAR5yegk6YQ4OSQ1EfSoJDHJlQQkV W0mDiyoeAWQMATQPhnqJlyoRDwGnAQMAE4ZWoyseDwUFPhEBeXuKrygREgQQMwQSE8SWuym/EMrK w6LHJxEDy9MEDcbPJQ8N1MIPD27YJAAcE8sEBQ8bFwq64SIDGA8S8xLoCBcV4O4xBA+OCAFmOXmy 750MfxUA0qonAUrBAegUIEhITEGDAgQStMOWwMm/QEkCeNPHsQESOQkf/yVRQPLZAAUTyASayYBl QSoVUspxQGFBHnYFP2Q40IEDBQoWDFzQ0PNBUA8YFii9YKCqUgsL6hwLUuOPVQscrFa9wOFBlFFp Bqg6cqFtWwtu2y5whhYYsFkSGBjaklPkAwXxCJx9k2aWDGEC8Oyt8GDaQg9qh0SYzLVFkGjnaM0S wMrnlgaZhaF7gOGA6QwYMDR4kADyDyDRYlkUWI9zhaOUNJ+TMDADhQ0aTGsIPlyDAo1YInhoMPQ0 sTExbxvdMkGAX28Tcla40GGD6QPFw2NwAyABhuGnM2gwysGCew5GFyRkUGEDbgcL5BcXXnzDgg3+ ZSVCBAECiN568HXg3v9vC/RkCAduvWfgcAD6Bx9cFnSggVloeJDBAhkqmCEHCnIAYAYbwHUBhr+l tkF7KrpF4lsHKPANEwMk0IAGC7S3oor/fUiVWN2VBqFYV+X3340qCDGAbCjCR4FRIroXF1VvdeBg fmNUcMBGTfYTwEQTyTcRKAg0aIhnoPyDSxlg2jCAKQE8t4AeMk1QJxmTzMdGTMSE9ECcNhQgwKF7 4knMKXpqgl8eITV6CkuDsQDBA4giioqmh3KmGCeooDJoDgAYGkCnqM7TqQSI0tdop6dcQWoCoZ66 KquotkrMrno+USkKWDQwHxm87hmSdTFNpN0kDmzg0BRYPCDlUdQaNcn/UT4h9VaMGW6gFQ7SdiBu B1cquC2WU0XYgYBFJLCAuFbGZS535F6pbla/+vHAu/aeS69b6Wa5wLMw7DBjv/ECHLBb6xL8whE+ 2juWUkhOHBcHdPkxwgAZ1FvxxyB/hQGhTAQhggcbkBvyyhVfsEFLfrg7JMs0V0WBKgU/oHLNX0kl 1pAcOAxsGtE0cCTPVW3QAJJYYpzvCAB40JFFGByNdAcZzGwVdxjkm4bUgKXWwAFWIw0yWRvEmaNJ CoTd9osKm800dwtwSMIADaSmd2qA9diW3GevmwHOI/y1994fegw40yMOfpbhh6eGYr1aAx6hBkLj rXcGqGHA+QFwD/l3R7pbV/7zBgrIakKOpHkuOedDWRj36CGTdUADHpBMyNphew47eBr4N+/PEZqY Ae6EWxZbRyZJ7ntzwAeHWtvWQDZEUNhnL0IIADs= ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/image/yah.gif R0lGODlhCgAZALMAAAAzmY+y0QtqmwJQmR9tpQI/mQdinJS21AE6lyh1qIy11gI9mQJMmf///wAA AAAAACH5BAUUAA0ALAAAAAAKABkAAAQrsMlJq7046815CphgEGAlLMxYSgIAIClxsC4yjHMjFDdJ ib7Kp0MsGo+dCAA7 ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/image/cwtop20x20.gif R0lGODlhFAAUAMQAAO7u7mlpadPT0/r6+nJycurq6qysrJKSks3NzfT09Hl5ed7e3tra2uXl5X5+ fsHBwfHx8bq6upaWlujo6IuLi+Li4qOjo4ODg2xsbMfHx/f39/7+/v39/WdnZ////2ZmZiH5BAAA AAAALAAAAAAUABQAAAXJoCeOnAYUBZBw3OiKHCQYx3VRVlYMrzgsFkWg8/l0AoQDQvMaMA6BolQa UDyYsAp0yjUqELxNwoDhIhDcDmWy4TAc3IZn0+BiHoNBpCwVeBYCdFMdEgkJFlFFCB4VBB+BBVMO KRJEHxEeAI6KG5FFBBUQlR8SHhAKZp2fFYcBBh4JqF0IHHWTehgAHLJdHwwThAkbb729dzxjfMVF agUtHFqJxR1fPD5P0lwBDg8JTUBClkdJCMI9MTM1Nzk7PS4cAxAoABocGy8hADs= ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/image/icon_home_20x20.gif R0lGODlhFAAUALMAAGZmZuzs7JmZmcXFxXBwcKmpqdnZ2f///7KysoODg8zMzHl5eeLi4ry8vPb2 9v4BAiH5BAUUAA8ALAAAAAAUABQAAASD8Mg5xAJgiTH7VBcmCFimeFJRAoKUrIVHlq3kvPS31lNA rKdDiIU6MH6YxWGQKx4Uq4rISaFdeNSDKkPMdmYrRBaxGooNGAnGcCAnwef0Yd2mMTFxgMRgcNQx HCF5KG5KT3gHaHoebkEHJAIGDWt8lZAeWyuaADEoIJtJjkUVIRocHhEAOw== ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/image/icon_print_20x20.gif R0lGODlhFAAUAMQAAGZmZsXFxXl5ef///5mZmdvb26+vr4yMjNnZ2b+/v3BwcOzs7KampoODg8zM zOfn5/X19be3t/4BAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAUU ABIALAAAAAAUABQAAAWf4CCOASEAgEAEYzs6JyqjguOKzKzLjJsDjcFiSBzwXrIDQkVoChYz2yAG UDIS2EQDKhMMAjMrYowgcGWlMKJxaB8UZ5RJnSAuGPGUTEGILJqABBBNCjsPAVmJWQUFXSh5O0o0 BI8ADhCYmZgJkgArlQU3IgadLCeQOpJeAw4ADw9ksWQPrVIDDAJuursAPS0/OzO+LjDBKbaiJTEq LC4hADs= ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/image/icon_send_20x20.gif R0lGODlhFAAUAMQAAGZmZru7u3R0dP///5mZmebm5qmpqYaGhszMzNbW1nl5ebW1tZmZmcXFxYuL i97e3v4BAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAQU AP8ALAAAAAAUABQAAAV74CCODaEAgEI0YzsiJyqjCuKKxqzLhkvsQADhFQzaBrGiTjFooG7QAar0 RAQEO8HChjI9AYvCYeZALATSlCztSJwBgYLjq0sDBIFGITCzx+woDmN9ND8AgEFpK09RLlNISjtM AwiROkcDhpZDLTmRPTcwQTWNTV4pKzchADs= ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/image/icon_email_20x20.gif R0lGODlhFAAUAMQAAGZmZszMzHl5ef///6mpqdnZ2ZmZmezs7HBwcIODg7y8vOPj4/b29rOzs4yM jMXFxf4BAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAQU AP8ALAAAAAAUABQAAAWz4CCOjyEAgGA8YzsGJyqjQuCKxKzLhGvMhoKIEXDIDC8ZYjFYNBqKw+Ah sw1iS4ZxxvqlprLGwJGQGhSFROEgK8kYDwTDhUDGTCjH4DxoAGxselsxAGIIBwwoYgUASAk7YgAD jH99AA+JMjGRAwd1IgYJljReegZWJHBAVChEAkynnX5cV4p7OwA9fgIiATJMbiixCyioXoVzLgoI jS45Mg5PDQbMuTcDMLgpqNclMSosLiEAOw== ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/image/icon_jobs_20x20.gif R0lGODlhFAAUAMQAAGZmZuHh4ZmZmczMzGZmZrCwsP///729vYyMjPX19dnZ2Xl5ee/v77a2tsXF xXNzc+rq6v4BAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAUU ABEALAAAAAAUABQAAAWYoCGOjrAAwCI4YzsOJwogCLoMrljI86DssoJLIHv4BIWCQCETvHgFB8CY SCiWKJwhhio0GtWS1maQyhYBQ2JQ0IpkJRTiAIEMGoOEqxljOA54ejlnMi85IzyFIm6DhACGhwZn RI+Lhw41KCsokCIJDlwoLCeQCQUPiSmLAFcGAxCUqQBulFeyTS5At12HMLc3kSIlMSosLiEAOw== ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/image/icon_search_20x20.gif R0lGODlhFAAUAMQAAGZmZszMzGZmZpmZmf///+7u7qmpqYODg97e3r6+vnl5efb29uTk5HNzc4yM jKWlpbKyssXFxdjY2JmZmf4BAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAUU ABQALAAAAAAUABQAAAWnICGO0aAAgDJEYzsGJyqjSuCKBtpAS184MoPrgTosEJGeaCB7vIqFxBHY KCxiABshJgkUIDPJV6YgRGjHxAxQYIBlJZTDigU8FgWmzCTHyxwSBFINM3UFBA4NAwsEjHprMg2M jQgiCJApMw0sjYcLRIWPkHMEPzMrmDKVpYQoLHVrA4cElykiAakADasIhFoEoJh3CYROLTmprUI3 MKk1Ny0lMSqcLSEAOw== ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/image/icon_pencil_20x20.gif R0lGODlhFAAUAMQAAGZmZqmpqfb29nBwcMXFxYyMjNnZ2bOzs5mZmXl5eePj47y8vIODg8zMzP// /+zs7P4BAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAQU AP8ALAAAAAAUABQAAAWKoCOOBJIAQIIQYzs2JyqjSeOKwawfCBC4PZ0MwVigEC+hrAYgomyOmFLh YBxiCQdBiQocHIYgqsQteAUNnUk5OCwOjYFOqvMGFgWu0BzwcukpCAcBW0oqOgsPXoBDhTQICwti QixSAQMIaX8imgANBQRyXFAOPQwGeXpILZd6XTcOMH+ksCVYKzchADs= ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/image/icon_up_20x20.gif R0lGODlhFAAUALMAAGZmZsXFxXBwcP///6mpqYyMjNnZ2ezs7JmZmXl5ebOzs8zMzIODg/X19eLi 4v4BAiH5BAUUAA8ALAAAAAAUABQAAAR5cMgZUAIgoTD7XBcmYsniScTIMCNGeMhINE3aIp8omJ/Q 8qHC4XQojBKDAEagaBokhqbCJ6q0AAqJ4oqxXLNJboYLblDFLfDAIVUYSVfcabDNxK6OeX0jRrSb bxwhaC1IAwuEVzwDd4kAchM2hC8nIGIlcxRedhweEQA7 ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/image/bn.gif R0lGODlheAAVANUAAAAAAJ+djDs7O/r6+pkAAMzMzL9gYLNAQIYyFL6+vqYgIGlpaSEhIeTk5N+v r8yAgNOQkN/f31BQUObAwH5SMp8QEOzQ0LlQUBAQEPPg4Ht7e6wwMJYKATMzM+/v78ZwcKSkpPLf 32FhYdmfn8TExEFBQfXn544eCNTX0AgICNKPj969vX5dP/nw8HFxcZmZmaysrP///0hISBcXFycn J4SEhNnZ2YYzFf4BAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAUUADgALAAAAAB4ABUAAAb/wJhw iGIhOISkcslsOp/QqHRKrTKHMRSFY3BkhCGHwUoum8/oYeB0CWGxoQt6Tq+XhQEORBhxdQAAHS4R QhB2h4iJWScjQi4zEjA2NjASGC5CI4mbnHcUF0IdAoRvNjQdQnKdq6xNKBxuLjIeMQklgCUJMQ0C mCGtwK0sBjERKYQ1DDUNDRoANTEFAIRjwdaJNysxIhK1GLRDBTO6JSIxDktvFhtnEzFLBzEP7TEf Se7Bbh3k0AUlDAViaCgRAwSqX0piZHjwYE8GeksqHFBArwVFfMCEAKC1McYtAAyiAdg18l3CCUos tCAAYcKDGBc2WFBYbU+MCRUI4NswAQLP/zE9HbJT4G5ESybuzuk0CaHFuQofUBJ4gI7lCANfYozI KUUjxwYxMADCEIPEyAYl07WYMEEl0BgWHijI0OLBzA3ERjiQt3RDCwsS+Wbai27viEYmlbibeQEf MQd7HICS43RDhRhNMxz44ICdFH3kQNRigEH0AoIGYyBMEmNtW6XuKMbL8HrehgN75rn7kjPePLis UQInMBNpjA2ti7tj65RAhhEXWkAmRlShGCp7udWCFgNQjAEpEgyQYa5qcCV7DmCM5+CAewUG1jbS fZOvbwI3zw8vvgTfSyFLXeDeAVM9d9VzUl0AwUyaSEFMBAAEFFB3Jb1QyzQxVMPaQgw5VbqdEi20 AIEDLaiHmTv0sXTcffnhh5JheyV2j0kzvfPBTQ9IR4ACrV1wWQsGVJCBBQeAYl4UsZQAlkYl7SKI aldgkcFbSsjUmiHRYUbbUgQISaRgUuVXXUsyckkAckw5tc49KxFAYk4XZOUAV1KAEkMHITEphAcM oALTNVK0dUF0bQIKBWLcUTgEJloZGkWWQmjoqBMqvOEdFipMGoVEB9CpqRMXmDDEpTGYoMqnqM7R RQiAhCFpqrBGEQQAOw== ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/image/blaw.gif R0lGODlhBgAJAKIAAPr7/Ji42AU3adHa4wAzZv///wAAAAAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAAGAAkAAAMR WLqsNIyIARx59oZyMfcctCQAOw== ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: text/css; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/sitewide_css/cw360_stylesheet_new.css A:link { COLOR: #003366; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A:visited { COLOR: #003366; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A:hover { COLOR: #003366; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } A:active { COLOR: #003366; TEXT-DECORATION: none } BODY { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .sorry { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif } .errorText { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif } .listTimeStamp { FONT-SIZE: 10px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, = sans-serif } .topLeftTimeStamp { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, = sans-serif } .articleTimeStamp { FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, = sans-serif } .searchHead { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #666666 } .searchBody { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #eeeeee } .searchBodyBold { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #eeeeee } .searchLink { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #eeeeee; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .inputFields { FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, = sans-serif } .clickHere { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10px; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .articleHeadline { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 18px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .articleTeaserHeadline { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif } .relatedArticles { PADDING-LEFT: 3px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; = FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #dddddd } .dealBoxHead { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #666666 } .dealBoxBody { FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, = sans-serif } .dealBoxBodyBold { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif } .dealBoxLink { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif } .dealBoxNumbers { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif } .dealBoxPrices { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #eeeeee } .externalLinkBox { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #666666 } .articleSumBox { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #666666; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .toolBox { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #666666; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .pullQuoteBox { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #666666 } .pullQuote { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif } .youAreHere { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .flagHeadline { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .flagBody { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 9px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .flagSeperator { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #000000 } .tableHead { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #666666; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .tableSeparator { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #666666 } .tableBody { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #eeeeee; = TEXT-DECORATION: none } .tableBodyBold { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #eeeeee; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .tableLink { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #eeeeee; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .tableBody2 { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #dddddd; = TEXT-DECORATION: none } .tableBodyBold2 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #dddddd; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .tableLink2 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #dddddd; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .body { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .bodyBold { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .standFirst { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .smallPrint { FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, = sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .more { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif } .byline { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .pageHeaderCategory { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 20px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageHeaderCategory:visited { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 20px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageHeaderCategory:link { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 20px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageHeaderCategory:active { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 20px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageHeaderCategory:hover { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 20px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageHeaderCategory:visited { COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageHeaderCategory:link { COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageHeaderCategory:active { COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageHeaderCategory:hover { COLOR: #003366; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } .pageHeaderChannel { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageHeaderChannel:visited { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageHeaderChannel:active { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageHeaderChannel:link { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageHeaderChannel:hover { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageHeaderChannel:visited { COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageHeaderChannel:link { COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageHeaderChannel:active { COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageHeaderChannel:hover { COLOR: #003366; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } .pageHeaderLine { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #000000 } .footer { FONT-SIZE: 9px; COLOR: #999999; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, = sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.footer:visited { FONT-SIZE: 9px; COLOR: #999999; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, = sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.footer:link { FONT-SIZE: 9px; COLOR: #999999; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, = sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.footer:hover { FONT-SIZE: 9px; COLOR: #999999; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, = sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.footer:visited { COLOR: #999999; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.footer:link { COLOR: #999999; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.footer:hover { COLOR: #003366; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } .pageSubHead { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageSubHead:visited { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageSubHead:link { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageSubHead:hover { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageSubHead:visited { COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageSubHead:link { COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.pageSubHead:hover { COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } .pageSubHeadLine { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #000000 } .headlineList { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .rightHeadlineList { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 9px; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .rightChannelListHead { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.rightChannelListHead:visited { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.rightChannelListHead:link { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.rightChannelListHead:hover { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.rightChannelListHead:visited { COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.rightChannelListHead:link { COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.rightChannelListHead:hover { COLOR: #003366; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } .rightChannelList { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10px; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } articleSummaryTableOuter { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #339900 } articleSummaryTableInner { PADDING-LEFT: 3px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff } externalLinkTableOuter { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #339900 } externalLinkTableInner { PADDING-LEFT: 3px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff } .adBody { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.adBody:link { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.adBody:hover { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.adBody:visited { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.adBody:link { COLOR: #006699; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.adBody:hover { COLOR: #006699; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } A.adBody:visited { COLOR: #990000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .adBodyBold { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.adBodyBold:link { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.adBodyBold:hover { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.adBodyBold:visited { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.adBodyBold:link { COLOR: #006699; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.adBodyBold:hover { COLOR: #006699; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } A.adBodyBold:visited { COLOR: #990000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } SELECT.selectsize { FONT-SIZE: 12px; WIDTH: 180px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif } INPUT.buttontext { FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, = sans-serif } .navigationUp { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationUp:link { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationUp:visited { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationUp:active { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationUp:hover { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationUp:active { COLOR: #ff0000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationUp:visited { COLOR: #ffffff; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationUp:link { COLOR: #ffffff; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationUp:hover { COLOR: #ff0000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .navigationDown { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationDown:link { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationDown:visited { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationDown:active { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationDown:hover { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationDown:active { COLOR: #ff0000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationDown:visited { COLOR: #ff0000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationDown:link { COLOR: #ff0000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationDown:hover { COLOR: #ffffff; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .navigationUpReseller { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #cccccc; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationUpReseller:link { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #cccccc; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationUpReseller:visited { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #cccccc; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationUpReseller:active { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #cccccc; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationUpReseller:hover { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #cccccc; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationUpReseller:active { COLOR: #ff0000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationUpReseller:visited { COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationUpReseller:link { COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationUpReseller:hover { COLOR: #ff0000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .navigationDownReseller { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #cccccc; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationDownReseller:link { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #cccccc; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationDownReseller:visited { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #cccccc; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationDownReseller:active { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #cccccc; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationDownReseller:hover { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #ff0000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #cccccc; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationDownReseller:active { COLOR: #ff0000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationDownReseller:visited { COLOR: #ff0000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationDownReseller:link { COLOR: #ff0000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.navigationDownReseller:hover { TEXT-DECORATION: none } .unnamed1 { FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif } .cw360relatedstorieslink { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.cw360relatedstorieslink:visited { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.cw360relatedstorieslink:link { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.cw360relatedstorieslink:hover { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } .cw360readmore { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.cw360readmore:visited { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.cw360readmore:visited { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.cw360readmore:hover { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.cw360readmore:visited { COLOR: #003366; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.cw360readmore:link { COLOR: #003366; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.cw360readmore:hover { COLOR: #003366; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } .cw360youarehere { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif } A.cw360youareherelink:visited { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.cw360youareherelink:link { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.cw360youareherelink:hover { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } .cw360youareherelink { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .topBoxStrap { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #cccccc } A.topBoxStrap:link { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.topBoxStrap:visited { COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.topBoxStrap:hover { COLOR: #006699; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } A.topBoxStrap:active { COLOR: #ff0000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .topBoxHead1 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #006699; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff } .topBoxBody1 { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff } A.topBoxBody1:link { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff; = TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.topBoxBody1:visited { COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.topBoxBody1:hover { COLOR: #006699; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } A.topBoxBody1:active { COLOR: #ff0000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .topBoxHead2 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #006699; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff } .topBoxBody2 { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff } A.topBoxBody2:link { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff; = TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.topBoxBody2:visited { COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.topBoxBody2:hover { COLOR: #006699; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } A.topBoxBody2:active { COLOR: #ff0000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .topBoxHead3 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16px; COLOR: #006699; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff } .topBoxBody3 { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff } A.topBoxBody3:link { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff; = TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.topBoxBody3:visited { COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.topBoxBody3:hover { COLOR: #006699; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } A.topBoxBody3:active { COLOR: #ff0000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_001_0075_01C157C5.7F97C070" ------=_NextPart_001_0075_01C157C5.7F97C070 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/bin/bladerunner?REQSESS=Z5081NA9&690REQEVENT=&CARTI=103984&CARTT=2&CCAT=2&CCHAN=26&CFLAV=1&CPAGEN=ArticlePage&CPAGET=-99999&CSEARCH=&CSESS=-99999&CTOPIC= CW360=B0=A0-=A0Article Page
=
= =20
Thursday 18 = October
Site=20 Search




Search=20 >>

Advanced=20 Search>>
 Inside = outsourcing
Unlock=20 secrets of the FTSE = 100
 Jobs=20 of the Day
See today's top=20 vacancies
 Caught in
the = Act?
Data=20 Protection deadline=20 looms
 Focus=20 on IT infrastructure
CW360 special = report=20 on picking the best=20 architecture
 California=20 scheming
Read this if you plan to = go=20 west
 Are=20 you CEO Material?
Click here to = take the=20 CW360.com = test
 The=20 way ahead
Special site for SMEs = gives the=20 route map on key IT=20 issues
 Systems=20 that deliver
John Handby on = achieving=20 excellence in a high-risk=20 world
 Pull=20 off the costs trick
Discover the = magic of=20 = unsourcing
 HP-Compaq
Why=20 the merger is bad
news for the=20 channel
You are here: Homepage > Strategy > Technology=20 Standards > Analysis=20
Strategy: Technology=20 Standards
Standardisation: Who's = setting the=20 standard?
by =20 Danny Bradbury
Friday 13 July 2001 =
As the need for = computers to communicate with one another = grows,=20 so too does the need for universal = standards.=20 Easier said than done.

It is hard to believe in the = 21st=20 century that when travelling to a foreign = country=20 you still have to take an adapter so that = you can=20 plug your modem into the hotel telephone = socket.=20 You also have to take another adapter to = plug your=20 laptop computer into a power socket. For = all their=20 red tape, sombre debating sessions and = paperwork,=20 standards bodies still have a lot to do = when it=20 comes to interoperability.

The IT = sector=20 makes other industries look streamlined = and=20 efficient. Computers are complex and the = suppliers=20 will not let customers forget it. The = industry is=20 littered with jargon and acronyms, many of = which=20 refer to particular standards implemented = to solve=20 specific computing problems.

It is = odd=20 that since the emergence of the open = computing=20 movement in the early 1990s things seem to = have=20 got worse. Then, individual suppliers had = their=20 own standards (such as IBM's systems = network=20 architecture), but there seemed to be = fewer of=20 them. Customers signed up with one = supplier and=20 used everything they had, so there were no = cross-platform issues. Now, there is a = standard=20 for everything from personal information=20 management software synchronisation to = digital=20 resource management.

"Are standards = all=20 about connectivity?" asks Peter Jones, = president=20 of software integration company Mercator = and=20 vice-president of the Computing Services = and=20 Software Association (CSSA), a trade body = for=20 software and services companies. It is a = valid=20 question. One reason why standards have=20 proliferated is the increase in = connectivity in an=20 Internet-enabled world. As the need for = computers=20 to talk to each other continues to grow, = the=20 demand for a lingua franca increases=20 proportionately.

The problem is = that you=20 cannot have a single communication = language=20 covering a complex set of functions. This = is why,=20 when the need for standards became = apparent, the=20 International Standards Organisation's = Open=20 Systems Interconnectivity (OSI) stack = became so=20 useful. The OSI stack was a way of = categorising=20 different levels of functionality into = layers,=20 from a low to a high level of operation.=20

At the bottom (layer one) was the = physical=20 transport layer - the physical link used = to=20 connect one computer to another. The = system went=20 up through several layers, each one = reliant on the=20 one before it, until it reached the = application=20 layer at the top, which used the = technologies in=20 the layers underneath it to accomplish=20 application-specific tasks.

Layer = seven -=20 the top - contained its own standards, = such as the=20 X.400 standard for e-mail delivery. It is=20 impossible to cover the OSI in depth here, = but it=20 is an important industry development. For = more=20 information see John Larmouth's excellent = guide to=20 OSI at www.isi.salf= ord.ac.uk//books/osi/all.html#head1=20 .

Twenty years ago if you looked at = any=20 layer in the OSI stack you would have seen = different technologies on offer for = corporate use.=20 Each supplier had its own way of tackling = a=20 problem, which is why IBM came out with = Token=20 Ring, which was eventually adopted by the = IEEE=20 consortium. The standards landscape = changed=20 dramatically when TCP/IP came to the fore. =

Originally invented by the US = Defense=20 Advanced Research Projects Agency as the = basis for=20 the Internet project, TCP/IP grew in = popularity,=20 due in no small part to the efforts of the = early=20 Unix community which promoted it as part = of the=20 system.

Many people assume that = TCP/IP is=20 simply the transmission protocol for the = Internet,=20 but in fact it is a whole stack on its = own. The=20 TCP/IP stack, which became prominent at = the=20 beginning of the 1990s, has all but = replaced the=20 OSI stack in many areas as a framework for = different protocols, with standards such = as the=20 simple message transfer protocol, Internet = protocol (IP) and others becoming = dominant.=20

The adoption of TCP/IP on a = universal=20 basis was vital if the Internet was to = grow, and=20 Microsoft's inclusion of a TCP/IP stack as = an=20 out-of-the-box component of the Windows = client in=20 1995 sealed the deal; TCP/IP became one of = the=20 most important sets of standards in the = past=20 decade.

So, with the world centred = on the=20 Internet, why are things so confused in = the=20 standards sector? Chris Gabriel, regional = manager=20 at Enterasys Networks, thinks he knows. = Enterasys=20 is involved in defining many networking = standards,=20 including the forthcoming 10-Gigabit = Ethernet=20 standard. He believes that at lower levels = down=20 the stack, simple interoperability was the = key.=20 Few stakeholders cared about low-level = standards=20 such as Ethernet, as long as they worked = and meant=20 that different suppliers' equipment could = work=20 together. As you move further up the = stack,=20 functionality becomes more complex and = each=20 stakeholder has a more vested interest in = what=20 goes into a standard.

Peter Sharpe = is=20 chief scientist at extensible markup = language=20 (XML) editor software company SoftQuad and = was a=20 co-founder of the XML standard, thrashing = out the=20 protocol with a team of nine other experts = on SGML=20 (XML's predecessor). He draws a distinct = parallel=20 between the definition of the original XML = standard and the XML Schema standard, = recently=20 passed as a recommendation by the = World-Wide Web=20 Consortium (W3C) after a long period of = political=20 wrangling.

"XML was in its first = working=20 draft within four months," Sharpe = explains. "It=20 took in total a year and a half, but most = of that=20 was working out details. XML Schema took = two years=20 and it took a long time for even the first = draft=20 to come out."

He says that most = work on XML=20 was done without interference from the W3C = due to=20 a lack of interest in the language at the = time.=20 The small committee created a 30-page = standard,=20 which was relatively simple as software = standards=20 go. By the time XML Schema came up for = discussion,=20 everyone wanted a say.

"The Schema = group=20 was a huge committee - there were 40 = people on it=20 and everyone had their own agenda," Sharpe = says.=20 "There were big companies there, with IBM, = Oracle=20 et al pushing hard with their = stuff."

The=20 origin of a standard will affect the speed = of its=20 development and its range. Standards come = from a=20 variety of areas, including industry = consortia,=20 government-sponsored bodies such as the = United=20 Nations and even individual companies. But = you can=20 subdivide these sources further, according = to=20 Brian Whetten, chief scientist at = middleware=20 company Talarian. Whetten is heavily = involved in=20 the definition of standards within the = Internet=20 Engineering Task Force (IETF), but has = also worked=20 on the Java Messaging System technology = that is at=20 the heart of Sun Microsystems' J2EE = server-side=20 Java suite.

Different standards = definition=20 bodies have different cultures that can = affect the=20 types of standard they consider and the = way they=20 develop them, says Whetten. At the IETF, = the=20 majority of people are on some company's = payroll,=20 but they come from an academic background = (75% of=20 IETF members have a PhD). Such = qualifications make=20 those people suitable to define = fundamental=20 standards that would sit at a low level in = the=20 stack. These technologies need to be very = robust,=20 well thought out and comprehensive, which = is what=20 the academics are good at, but they often = face=20 huge deployment challenges. The definition = of IP=20 version 6 is a prime example; it needs a = very=20 thorough, academic mindset to address the = protocol=20 definition that is so fundamental to the = Internet=20 future, these people will focus only on=20 technology, leaving its transfer into the=20 commercial world to others.

Whetten = has=20 seen an evolution in the way standards are = defined. In the past, standards have been = defined=20 using this academic approach, on a = "bottom-up"=20 basis, starting with low-level = technologies and=20 building up requirements until they reach = cosmetic=20 areas such as the programmable interface. = This=20 process has worked well in the past, = because=20 academics were pioneers at the frontier of = the=20 Internet, developing technologies and = standards to=20 be implemented in new territories. (Before = IP was=20 developed there were commercial systems = with=20 proprietary networking standards, but no = Internet.=20 Hence, there was effectively no legacy.)=20

Now, with a plethora of existing = systems=20 and platforms so well established, such=20 fundamental, non-commercial standards = definitions=20 become less appropriate, argues Whetten. = Instead,=20 a "top-down" approach is needed, where = business=20 requirements are defined at the start and = the=20 standard definition process is more=20 supplier-driven.

Such a = business-centric=20 model is not without challenges. "Top-down = development has a political risk - you can = get=20 separate camps," Whetten says. "If = Microsoft=20 decides that it has a standard, and Sun = has one,=20 you end up with these islands of = connectivity.=20 That's the real challenge - how do you = breach the=20 top-down standards that create these=20 islands?"

This is what makes XML an = interesting standard. It was developed by = a=20 technical committee with a strong academic = background in a bottom-up scenario but, = says=20 Whetten, the business-centric, = industry-specific=20 document type definitions were developed = in a=20 top-down model. Hence, the XML standard is = unassailable and easy to follow, but the = complex=20 fabric of vertical market XML-based = languages is=20 confusing and has possibly hindered the = growth of=20 XML-based integration.

One good = thing has=20 come out of the top-down approach - = increased=20 opportunity for customer input. Although = different=20 committees and industry bodies vary in = attitudes=20 towards end-users, the companies = participating in=20 a given standard definition process are=20 accountable, says Whetten. You can think = of it as=20 a parliamentary system, in which the = companies are=20 the MPs and the customers are their=20 constituents.

"Certainly, if a = company has=20 a large customer that is demanding = something that=20 could be achieved through a standard, then = that=20 company's representative on the committee = will=20 push very hard," Whetten explains. "There = is=20 lobbying at each level."

This = contrasts=20 sharply with the role of government in = computing=20 standards definitions. Government does not = have=20 the knowledge base to legislate on = standards, says=20 Jones. "Because it doesn't, it ends up = trying to=20 recommend an answer that doesn't get = support from=20 suppliers or customers in the industry."=20

The most streamlined standards = definition=20 process of all involves the creation of a=20 technology by a single company with enough = power=20 to push it through or with the luck or=20 intelligence to introduce a technology = just when=20 it is needed. Good examples are Microsoft, = which=20 has created numerous standards including=20 everything from open database connectivity = through=20 Soap and even arguably to Windows itself; = the=20 Win32 API may be proprietary, but unless = you code=20 your programs to comply with it, sales = will=20 suffer.

Another example is Sun=20 Microsystems, which introduced Java and = then hyped=20 it up as a necessary technology for the = network=20 computing revolution, which fell flat on = its face=20 in the mid-1990s. Nevertheless, Sun made = Java=20 stick by switching the emphasis to the = server and=20 touting it as a platform-independent = e-commerce=20 development environment.

But for = all of its=20 "openness" with Java, Sun is still selling = a=20 proprietary technology. It has made it = popular by=20 making licences available to everyone, = while=20 failing to hand the technology over to = standards=20 bodies such as ISO or the European = Computer=20 Manufacturers' Association. No matter; the = company=20 has managed to get the best of both = worlds,=20 creating technology from which it can = still make a=20 profit, while simultaneously promoting its = openness through a technology definition = process=20 (the Java community process) that is open = to input=20 from other companies. Such a strategy is = the=20 ultimate logical conclusion of the = top-down=20 approach - if you cannot get the industry = to do=20 what you want to do, then become a = for-profit=20 standards body yourself.

Jones sums = things=20 up nicely when he talks about what drives=20 standards. Standards become vital when the = cost of=20 running systems in a fragmented market = exceeds the=20 cost of developing and implementing a = standard.=20 Now, with companies being encouraged to = increase=20 internal efficiency and to do business = with each=20 other, adherence to standards is = increasingly=20 important.
<br>Industry is = inefficient=20 when it comes to defining standards for = hardware=20 and software interoperability, it is not = customers=20 that are slow to take up standards. Some = standards=20 initiatives have worked well and produced=20 admirable results, but others (typically = those=20 defined in a top-down process, as = characterised by=20 Whetten) have generated confusion and = frustration.=20 In a world where complexity is a constant, = this is=20 the last thing customers = need.


HOW=20 TO BE A STANDARDS POWERHOUSE
Few = customers=20 have the time or the resources to spend on = standards definitions. They require large = amounts=20 of employee time for meetings and = paperwork and=20 unless you are an IT firm, it does not = make good=20 business sense.

The best way = around this=20 problem is to cement a relationship with a = supplier whom you know to be politically = powerful.=20 Generally money talks and if you spend a=20 sufficient amount with one company it will = fight=20 your corner in the committee room. = Fostering=20 personal relationships with key technical = staff=20 can do you no harm and highlights the = similarity=20 between the parliamentary process and the = IT=20 standards world.

Alternatively, if = the=20 technology standard is sufficiently = important to=20 your company, find out if there is an = industry-led=20 initiative. A good example of this is the = Global=20 Commerce Initiative, formed in 1999, which = facilitates end-user input on global = electronic=20 trading standards to the major standards=20 bodies.

The other option, if you = are=20 powerful enough, is to start up your own = vertical=20 market initiative. This could take the = form of a=20 standards definition process or could = involve the=20 implementation of a business-to-business = trading=20 hub, which will give you the opportunity = to pull=20 in trading partners and suppliers, = persuading them=20 to make use of your facility. This = provides you=20 with a platform from which to define = trading=20 policy and standards in the=20 future.


STANDARDS = TIMELINE
IT=20 standards have come a long way since the=20
industry first realised that computers = had to=20 work together. It is impossible to = document all=20 computing standards and bodies without = taking up a=20 whole book, but here are some=20 milestones:

1865
International = Telegraph=20 Union (now ITU) formed=20 (www.itu.int)
1947
International = Standards=20 Organisation launched = (www.iso.ch)
1974
IBM=20 introduces systems network=20 architecture
1983
US Department of = Defense=20 standardises on TCP/IP
1986
Internet = Engineering Task Force formed=20 (ww.ietf.org)
1988
The European = Standard=20 Telecommunications Institute (ETSI) formed = (www.etsi.org)
1991
European nuclear = research laboratory CERN releases the = World Wide=20 Web
1992
Internet Society formed, = providing=20 legal framework for=20 = IETF
(www.isoc.org)
1994
World-Wide Web=20 Consortium formed = (www.w3.org)
1995
Version=20 6.0 of the Internet Protocol=20 released
1998
XML 1.0 becomes a W3C=20 recommendation
2001
ebXML e-business = exchange standard = ratified.


A=20 SOFTWARE STANDARDS WISHLIST
In = spite of the=20 proliferation of different standards in = the IT=20 sector, there are still areas that could = do with=20 some universal protocols to unite the = market. This=20 is what the bureaucrats have not yet=20 covered:

Software = quality
One of=20 the things holding back the market for=20 third-party, component-based software and = the new=20 Web service frameworks is a quality = assurance=20 standard. Many companies may feel uneasy = using=20 third-party software components unless = there is=20 some guarantee that they will work under = specific=20 conditions without crashing. To our = knowledge, no=20 such rubber stamp for software quality=20 exists

Virus = standard
Wouldn't it=20 be great if virus writers produced = viruses, worms=20 and trojan horses that operated along = specific=20 lines, as defined in the Standard Template = for=20 Unsolicited Programming Intrusions and = Destructive=20 Generic International Trojans = specification? At=20 least that way anti-virus companies could = deal=20 with them more easily. But that would = never happen=20 - most virus writers wouldn't even be able = to=20 spell it, let alone follow=20 it

SpamML
Similarly, it = would be=20 useful to have a standard for unsolicited=20 commercial e-mail (spam) in an XML format=20 supported by all the major e-mail clients. = Spam=20 could contain an e-mail header with = information=20 about the subject matter. An XML-based = syntax may=20 help in the creation of an "opt-in" system = for=20 communicating legitimate marketing e-mail = to=20 end-users

Instant messaging=20 standard
The world needs an instant = messaging standard. At present, with = messaging=20 systems from companies including AOL, = Microsoft=20 and Yahoo, people often know friends, = workmates=20 and family signed up to different = services,=20 meaning they must run all the clients at = once. A=20 single interoperable standard would make = things=20 easier for the end-user. The IMUnified = initiative=20 has produced an interoperability proposal, = but AOL=20 is not a member. It plans to introduce its = own=20 proposal this summer, while the IETF is = also work=20 on an interoperability = document

Meta=20 standard
A standard for standards=20 development is the most necessary standard = of all,=20 given the disingenuous nature of today's = many=20 different standards definition activities. = If the=20 industry could agree on a way to develop = standards=20 that every supplier stuck to without = confusing=20 end-users and managed to avoid replicating = its own=20 efforts with multiple rival standards, the = computing industry would be a happier=20 one.




Return=20 to top >>
  Back=20 to Homepage >>
  Print=20 this article >>
  Send=20 this article to a friend = >>
  Sign=20 up to e-mail = news >>
  Looking=20 for a job? >>
  Search=20 for more = articles >>
  Contact=20 the Editor >>
  More=20 in Technology=20 = Standards >>
 
  Back=20 to Homepage >>
  Print=20 this article >>
  Send=20 this article to a friend = >>
  Sign=20 up to e-mail = news >>
  Looking=20 for a job? >>
  Search=20 for more = articles >>
  Contact=20 the Editor >>
  More=20 in Technology = Standards >>
 Article=20 Summary
1. The lack of = standards=20 to facilitate interoperability in the IT = sector=20 is causing confusion and frustration in = an=20 increasingly interconnected = world

2.=20 The original OSI and TCP/IP stacks = built on=20 low level technology in the lower layers = of the=20 stack produced stable and universal=20 standards

3. The = involvement of=20 business interests in the development of = standards has led to a more top-down=20 supplier-driven approach to standards=20 development

4. Political = wrangling=20 between big industry players to get = their=20 technology accepted as standard has = allowed=20 consumers more influence but has slowed = down=20 development of widely accepted=20 standards

5. It is not = consumers=20 who refuse to accept IT lingua francas = but=20 rather industry that is failing to = provide=20 efficient=20 standards
=
Sprint lays = off 6,000 as profit fallsAOL Time = Warner reports third quarter lossToshiba and = Infineon to merge memory unitsUS commission = outlines cyberterrorism measuresFrench = government cuts UMTS licence fees + + = + "> "> =
Sprint lays off 6,000 as = profit=20 falls
AOL Time Warner reports = third=20 quarter loss
Toshiba and Infineon to = merge=20 memory units
US commission outlines=20 cyberterrorism = measures
French government cuts = UMTS licence=20 fees

Today's=20 Lead Stories
News:
NHS-Microsoft=20 deal rattles IT managers
Technology:
Cisco=20 predicts convergent network = future
Strategy:
Hewitt=20 calls for more IT = women
=20 = =20
Job = Search

16142 Jobs today.

Search=20 >>

More = Options >>
=20




Home |  = News=20  | =20 Technology=20  | =20 Strategy=20  | =20 Jobs=20  | =20 Developer=20 Zone  |  = Product=20 Finder  |  = IT=20 Services  |  = Training=20  | Help
=A9 2001 ComputerWeekly.com Ltd. = All rights=20 reserved
------=_NextPart_001_0075_01C157C5.7F97C070 Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Location: res://C:\WINNT\System32\shdoclc.dll/dnserror.htm ------=_NextPart_001_0075_01C157C5.7F97C070-- ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://ad.uk.doubleclick.net/adi/cw360.com/CW1_2_26_2;tile=1;top=;srch=;sz=468x60;ord=51830425? ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://ad.uk.doubleclick.net/adi/cw360.com/CW1_2_26_2;tile=3;top=;srch=;sz=120x60;ord=51830425? ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: text/css; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.cw360.com/css/sponsor.css BODY { FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, = sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A:visited { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: #006699; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A:link { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: #006699; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A:active { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: #ff0000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A:hover { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: #006699; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } .sponsorBody { FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, = sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .sponsorBodyBold { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11px; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .sponsorHead { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .inputFields { FONT-SIZE: 11px; WIDTH: 120px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, = Helvetica, sans-serif; HEIGHT: 20px } ------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://ad.uk.doubleclick.net/adi/cw360.com/CW1_2_26_2;tile=4;top=;srch=;sz=120x60;ord=51830425?
Thinking = Portals?
Think=20 Oracle. Get a FREE evaluation of your portal=20 strategy
------=_NextPart_000_0044_01C157C5.7F901F50--